The authors report the case of a 58 year-old woman with nephrolithiasis, who after being submitted to percutaneous lithotripsy developed xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis, lung abscess and sepsis. Initially, treatment included open drainage of the retroperitoneum, nephrectomy and tubular drainage of the lung abscess and pleural space, through right lateral thoracotomy. Pastereula aerogenes was isolated from both lung and retroperitoneal secretions. To our knowledge, this is the first case of nephrobronchial fistula related with this bacteria in medical literature.

Keywords: Bronchial fistula. Xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Lung abscess. Gram-negative bacterial infections. Lithiasis. Kidney.